{
  "slug": "suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026",
  "title": "Dos de cada tres hogares usan plataformas de pago, pero España sigue por debajo de la UE en suscripciones digitales",
  "closedAt": "2026-08-17",
  "publishedAt": "2026-08-17T08:00:00.000Z",
  "observationPeriod": "Eurostat 2025; CNMC Panel de Hogares IV-2025",
  "eurostatRequestUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_ibgs?lang=en&time=2025&unit=PC_IND_IU3&geo=EU27_2020&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CZ&geo=DK&geo=DE&geo=EE&geo=IE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=IT&geo=CY&geo=LV&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=HU&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=AT&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SI&geo=SK&geo=FI&geo=SE&indic_is=I_BFLMS2&indic_is=I_BMUSS2&indic_is=I_BBOOKNLS2&indic_is=I_BSOFT2&indic_is=I_BBOOK2&indic_is=I_BTICK2&indic_is=I_BTPS_E&indic_is=I_BRA_E&indic_is=I_BSIMC&indic_is=I_BSUTIL&ind_type=IND_TOTAL&ind_type=Y16_24&ind_type=Y25_34&ind_type=Y35_44&ind_type=Y45_54&ind_type=Y55_64&ind_type=Y65_74&ind_type=I0_2&ind_type=I3_4&ind_type=I5_8&ind_type=M_Y16_74&ind_type=F_Y16_74",
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "E-commerce statistics for individuals, 2025",
      "organization": "Eurostat",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=E-commerce_statistics_for_individuals"
    },
    {
      "label": "Dataset isoc_ec_ibgs: Internet purchases - goods or services (2020 onwards)",
      "organization": "Eurostat",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ec_ibgs/default/table?lang=en"
    },
    {
      "label": "Las plataformas de pago de contenidos audiovisuales consolidaron su crecimiento en 2025",
      "organization": "CNMC",
      "url": "https://www.cnmc.es/prensa/panel-hogares-audiovisual-20260529"
    },
    {
      "label": "Panel de Hogares CNMC",
      "organization": "CNMCData",
      "url": "https://data.cnmc.es/panel-de-hogares"
    },
    {
      "label": "The 2025 OECD Definition of E-Commerce and Guidelines for Interpretation",
      "organization": "OCDE",
      "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/the-2025-oecd-definition-of-e-commerce-and-guidelines-for-interpretation_2254f1de-en.html"
    }
  ],
  "rawExtracts": {
    "cnmcStreaming": {
      "period": "IV trimestre de 2025",
      "publicationDate": "2026-05-29",
      "methodology": "Panel de Hogares de la CNMC, encuesta semestral a hogares e individuos. La oleada del cuarto trimestre de 2025 incluyo 5.846 hogares y 8.745 individuos.",
      "householdWithInternetPaidPlatformsPct": 65.7,
      "series": [
        [
          "IV-2021",
          55.1
        ],
        [
          "IV-2022",
          59.2
        ],
        [
          "IV-2023",
          62
        ],
        [
          "IV-2024",
          63.3
        ],
        [
          "IV-2025",
          65.7
        ]
      ],
      "directContractPctOfUserHouseholds": 59.8,
      "operatorBundlePctOfUserHouseholds": 44,
      "familyOrFriendCredentialsPctOfUserHouseholds": 12.2,
      "onePlatformPctOfUserHouseholds": 34.7,
      "twoPlatformsPctOfUserHouseholds": 25.5,
      "threePlatformsPctOfUserHouseholds": 18.6,
      "fourOrMorePlatformsPctOfUserHouseholdsLowerBound": 21,
      "netflixMainPlatformPctOfUserHouseholds": 47.2,
      "amazonPrimeMainPlatformApproxPctOfUserHouseholds": 20,
      "movistarMainPlatformApproxPctOfUserHouseholds": 17
    }
  },
  "calculations": {
    "cnmcGrowth2021To2025Pp": 10.6,
    "cnmcGrowth2024To2025Pp": 2.4,
    "cnmcMultiplePlatformsPct": 65.3,
    "cnmcDirectVsCredentialsGapPp": 47.6,
    "cnmcDirectVsOperatorGapPp": 15.8,
    "videoSpainVsEuPp": -4.5,
    "musicSpainVsEuPp": -4.4,
    "newsSpainVsEuPp": -1.7,
    "softwareSpainVsEuPp": 9.4,
    "softwareRankSpain": 5,
    "videoAgeGap25To34Vs65To74Pp": 32.1,
    "musicAgeGap25To34Vs65To74Pp": 27.5,
    "softwareAgeGap25To34Vs65To74Pp": 21.4,
    "newsEducationGapHighVsLowPp": 6.5,
    "softwareEducationGapHighVsLowPp": 19.7
  },
  "eurostatCountryRows": [
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "short": "Video",
      "kind": "Suscripcion",
      "spain": 28.17,
      "eu": 32.68,
      "differencePp": -4.5,
      "rankSpain": 16,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Irlanda",
      "topCountryValue": 63.94
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "short": "Musica",
      "kind": "Suscripcion",
      "spain": 18.64,
      "eu": 23.03,
      "differencePp": -4.4,
      "rankSpain": 13,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Suecia",
      "topCountryValue": 52.04
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "short": "Noticias",
      "kind": "Suscripcion",
      "spain": 5.57,
      "eu": 7.23,
      "differencePp": -1.7,
      "rankSpain": 14,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Suecia",
      "topCountryValue": 24.89
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "short": "Software",
      "kind": "Compra digital",
      "spain": 22.62,
      "eu": 13.23,
      "differencePp": 9.4,
      "rankSpain": 5,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Irlanda",
      "topCountryValue": 27.63
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "short": "E-books",
      "kind": "Compra digital",
      "spain": 10.67,
      "eu": 9.45,
      "differencePp": 1.2,
      "rankSpain": 9,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Irlanda",
      "topCountryValue": 24.5
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "short": "Eventos",
      "kind": "Servicio",
      "spain": 30.77,
      "eu": 28.55,
      "differencePp": 2.2,
      "rankSpain": 15,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Irlanda",
      "topCountryValue": 51.6
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "short": "Transporte",
      "kind": "Servicio",
      "spain": 26.76,
      "eu": 27.04,
      "differencePp": -0.3,
      "rankSpain": 17,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Irlanda",
      "topCountryValue": 53.78
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "short": "Alojamiento",
      "kind": "Servicio",
      "spain": 25.9,
      "eu": 23.11,
      "differencePp": 2.8,
      "rankSpain": 11,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Irlanda",
      "topCountryValue": 43.28
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "short": "Internet/movil",
      "kind": "Servicio recurrente",
      "spain": 16.59,
      "eu": 14.97,
      "differencePp": 1.6,
      "rankSpain": 8,
      "countriesWithData": 27,
      "topCountry": "Paises Bajos",
      "topCountryValue": 56.71
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "short": "Suministros",
      "kind": "Servicio recurrente",
      "spain": 8.78,
      "eu": 9,
      "differencePp": -0.2,
      "rankSpain": 13,
      "countriesWithData": 26,
      "topCountry": "Paises Bajos",
      "topCountryValue": 36.41
    }
  ],
  "eurostatAgeRows": [
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 31.03
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 42.52
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 36.1
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 27.72
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 18.9
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 10.47
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 30.93
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 32.69
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 21.77
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 14.59
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 8.89
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 5.17
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 4.29
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 7.4
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 5.97
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 6.27
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 4.45
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 4.54
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 27.62
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 32.85
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 26.37
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 21.64
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 15.54
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 11.43
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 9.99
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 14.08
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 13.28
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 11.73
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 7.35
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 6.52
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 38.64
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 42.45
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 37.13
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 32.49
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 19.89
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 11.73
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 33.77
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 40.43
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 29.25
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 25.73
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 19.44
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 11.43
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 20.36
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 35.75
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 32.63
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 28.41
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 21.36
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 12.23
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 18.73
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 27.12
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 20.05
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 16.57
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 10.08
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 5.99
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "ageGroup": "16-24",
      "value": 5.1
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "ageGroup": "25-34",
      "value": 10.78
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "ageGroup": "35-44",
      "value": 10.71
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "ageGroup": "45-54",
      "value": 11.57
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "ageGroup": "55-64",
      "value": 7.8
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "ageGroup": "65-74",
      "value": 3.97
    }
  ],
  "eurostatEducationRows": [
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 13.77
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 26.72
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BFLMS2",
      "label": "Streaming de video, series o deporte",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 37.96
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 8.45
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 18.72
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BMUSS2",
      "label": "Streaming de musica",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 24.94
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 1.96
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 4.27
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOKNLS2",
      "label": "Noticias, diarios o revistas online",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 8.46
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 10.82
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 21.84
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSOFT2",
      "label": "Software descargado",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 30.5
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 3.27
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 8.83
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BBOOK2",
      "label": "E-books o audiolibros descargados",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 16.38
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 11.95
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 27.08
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTICK2",
      "label": "Entradas a eventos",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 44.64
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 9.26
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 25.19
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BTPS_E",
      "label": "Transporte comprado a empresas",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 38.57
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 8.76
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 20.65
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BRA_E",
      "label": "Alojamiento comprado a empresas",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 39.51
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 8.26
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 16.29
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSIMC",
      "label": "Internet o movil contratado online",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 21.98
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "education": "Educacion baja",
      "value": 5.18
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "education": "Educacion media",
      "value": 7.46
    },
    {
      "code": "I_BSUTIL",
      "label": "Suministros contratados online",
      "education": "Educacion superior",
      "value": 11.76
    }
  ],
  "methodology": [
    "Fecha de cierre del análisis: 2026-08-17. Los datos proceden exclusivamente de fuentes externas oficiales.",
    "Eurostat isoc_ec_ibgs se consultó mediante la API oficial de diseminación con periodo 2025, unidad `PC_IND_IU3`, total de individuos y cortes por edad, educación y país.",
    "La unidad `PC_IND_IU3` expresa porcentaje de personas que usaron Internet en los tres meses anteriores. No equivale a porcentaje de hogares ni a porcentaje de compradores online.",
    "CNMC se usa para el contexto de hogares españoles con acceso a Internet que usan plataformas audiovisuales online de pago en el cuarto trimestre de 2025.",
    "La oleada CNMC citada se realizó en el cuarto trimestre de 2025 e incluyó 5.846 hogares y 8.745 individuos, según la nota de prensa.",
    "TienRank calculó diferencias en puntos porcentuales, posiciones descriptivas de España entre Estados miembros con dato disponible, crecimiento de la serie CNMC y brechas por edad y educación.",
    "No se fusionan denominadores incompatibles: hogares con Internet, hogares usuarios de plataformas de pago y personas usuarias recientes de Internet se presentan por separado.",
    "La definición de ecommerce se apoya en Eurostat y OCDE: el pedido se realiza por Internet, pero el pago no tiene por qué hacerse online; este informe se centra en servicios comprados o suscritos digitalmente.",
    "Los CSV, JSON, PNG, PDF y kit ZIP se generaron con `scripts/research-suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-2026.mjs`."
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "CNMC y Eurostat miden universos distintos. Sus porcentajes no deben promediarse ni convertirse en una única tasa nacional.",
    "La presencia de plataformas audiovisuales de pago en el hogar no identifica quién paga, quién consume ni cuántas personas usan cada cuenta.",
    "Eurostat mide compras o suscripciones declaradas por individuos. No verifica pagos, contratos, cancelaciones ni ingresos de las plataformas.",
    "Las posiciones de España en la UE-27 son descriptivas y no incorporan intervalos de confianza muestral.",
    "Algunas categorías de Eurostat agrupan servicios amplios, como software descargado, sin separar uso profesional, ocio, seguridad o productividad.",
    "Las respuestas por edad y educación no establecen causalidad; describen diferencias observadas en la encuesta.",
    "Este análisis no evalúa precios, catálogos, calidad de contenidos, rentabilidad de plataformas ni cumplimiento regulatorio."
  ],
  "charts": [
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/01-resumen-suscripciones-digitales.png",
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/02-espana-ue-servicios-digitales.png",
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/03-brecha-edad-servicios-digitales.png",
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/04-evolucion-plataformas-pago-cnmc.png"
  ],
  "csvFiles": [
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/eurostat-servicios-digitales-ue-2025.csv",
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/eurostat-brecha-edad-espana-2025.csv",
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/eurostat-educacion-espana-2025.csv",
    "/assets/investigaciones/suscripciones-digitales-ecommerce-espana-2026/cnmc-plataformas-pago-2025.csv"
  ]
}