{
  "title": "El pago online ya concentra el 38% del valor cotidiano en España, pero el riesgo se desplaza al canal remoto",
  "slug": "pago-online-fraude-remoto-espana-2026",
  "closedAt": "2026-07-22",
  "observationPeriod": "SPACE 2019-2024; fraude de pagos 2024",
  "spain": {
    "onlinePaymentShareNumber2024Pct": 22.5,
    "onlinePaymentShareValue2024Pct": 38.0,
    "onlinePaymentShareNumberGrowthSince2019Pp": 14.05,
    "onlinePaymentShareValueGrowthSince2019Pp": 17.67,
    "onlineCardShareNumber2024Pct": 50.75,
    "onlineEpaymentShareNumber2024Pct": 26.44,
    "onlineInstantShareNumber2024Pct": 6.11,
    "onlinePaymentDifficulty2024Pct": 23.99,
    "onlinePaymentDifficultyVsEuroAreaPp": 3.91,
    "paymentInformationDifficulty2024Pct": 8.88,
    "authInfoUnavailableDifficulty2024Pct": 4.08
  },
  "fraud": {
    "eeaTotalFraudEur": 4135310006,
    "spainTotalFraudEur": 318276303,
    "spainCardFraudEur": 140968258,
    "spainCardFraudRatePct": 0.038,
    "spainCardShareOfSpainFraudPct": 44.29,
    "spainShareOfEeaCardFraudPct": 10.9,
    "eeaCardFraudEur": 1293797747,
    "eeaCardFraudRatePct": 0.033,
    "remoteCardFraudValueSharePct": 83.0,
    "remoteCardPaymentValueSharePct": 28.0,
    "remoteCardFraudValueOverIndex": 2.96,
    "remoteCardFraudVolumeSharePct": 87.0,
    "remoteCardPaymentVolumeSharePct": 18.0,
    "remoteCardFraudVolumeOverIndex": 4.83
  },
  "sources": {
    "ecbSpaceReport": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/ecb_surveys/space/html/ecb.space2024~19d46f0f17.en.html",
    "ecbSpaceWorkbook": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/ecb_surveys/space/shared/pdf/ecb.space2024_charts.en.xlsx",
    "bdeArticle": "https://www.bde.es/f/webbe/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/InformesBoletinesRevistas/BoletinEconomico/25/T2/Fich/be2502-art03.pdf",
    "ecbEbaPressRelease": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.pr251215~e133d9d683.en.html",
    "ebaReportPdf": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-12/1709846a-84d9-47cf-86a0-b155efb34d66/EBA%20and%20ECB%20Report%20on%20Payment%20Fraud.pdf",
    "oecdDefinition": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/the-2025-oecd-definition-of-e-commerce-and-guidelines-for-interpretation_2254f1de-en.html"
  },
  "notes": [
    "SPACE es una encuesta a consumidores; sus dificultades declaradas no son fraude confirmado ni incidencias verificadas.",
    "El informe EBA/BCE usa datos reportados por proveedores de servicios de pago bajo PSD2 y mide valor/tasa de operaciones fraudulentas.",
    "Los pagos remotos con tarjeta son un subconjunto de los pagos con tarjeta de la EEE; no equivalen a todo el comercio electronico.",
    "Las cifras de instrumento y dificultad son porcentajes de la encuesta SPACE; las respuestas de tipos de dificultad pueden solaparse."
  ]
}